Methods in Carrying Out A Research Project

Methods in Carrying Out A Research Project Part one of this module was to highlight the research methods needed to carry out a Work Based Research Project. The research used aimed to demonstrate the different types of research methods available, evaluate them and determine the appropriate form of method to use that was relevant to the chosen topic. In carrying out this research procedure various existing literature that gives a clear insight into this topic was analysed and a review of these was written to form a critical and objectional opinion on the subject. The first module enabled me to decide on the appropriate type of research most relevant to the subject chosen. My chosen topic for research was regarding the wearing of Personal Protective Equipment P.P.E. within the steel-fixing industry and the title of this project is; The wearing of light eye protection and gloves for steel fixing Is it always practical and do the benefits exceed the risks? Background of the need for this particular subject Having worked for many years within the steel-fixing industry I have witnessed many changes especially on the larger civil engineering sites. The introduction of gloves and light eye protection is by many an issue that needs to be addressed because by many they are deemed unnecessary, uncomfortable and are just seen as a way of satisfying the main contractors insurance policy needs when tendering for work. With this in mind it was deemed necessary to bring into force new legislation and this was when The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 (PPEW Regulations),were implemented with them taking effect on 1 January 1993. The PPEW Regulations were able to make clear the regulations on the Use of PPE in the Workplace. (www.hse.gov.uk) this new legislation was needed to enforce the wearing of P.P.E. in the workplace and it also highlighted the directives for the new regulations both the employer and employee were expected to adhere to. In section four of the regulations i t highlights the duties of the employer to provide suitable P.P.E. for all of their employees said to be at risk unless the risk considered to be adequately controlled at source by other means. If it was deemed necessary for the wearing of certain types of P.P.E. the employers were expected to abide by certain rules when being asked to supply the equipment. It had to be appropriate for the risks involved the work conditions and the place it was being expected to be worn. The health of workers would also need to be considered along with the comfort, efficiency, safety, and ease of use for the workers it needed to be effective in controlling the risks but still had to fall in line with the current EC requirement for P.P.E. . Although the directives within these new regulations were supposed to be beneficial to employers and employees alike they are still by some considered to being used too generic. Compatibility was the next issue concerning the new rules. It was alright to supply P.P.E. to the workers but if it was not compatible with other forms of P.P.E. it could compromise the health and safety of said workers. With the shifting tide towards added health and safety more and more products were become available on the market. With the use of eye and hand protection being the subject of this topic a look into the different types of products available has been researched and the findings highlight a very extensive range of products on offer. Safety goggles have always been an almost daily used piece of protective equipment used in the cutting of steel with abrasive wheels, which is a wheel made of abrasive particles stuck together with various substances. Serious friction burns, crushed fingers and loss of eyesight are common injuries arising from accidents which happen when people are using abrasive wheels due to small shards of the blade disintegrating throughout the cutting process. (www.hseni.gov.uk) The need to were goggles has always been considered to be a necessity in steel fixing, however with the old types of goggles available and the tendency for them to steam up especially under extremes of heat people would often neglect their duty to were them and take a chance without them. Current types of goggles are much better designed to combat this problem. While examining suppliers of protective products it was realized what exactly was on offer, however even following the EU directives cost could be an issue to employers because the need for the appropriate glasses for the type of work being undertaken could lead to higher costs. Other issues arising seem to be with the wearing of protective eye equipment for those who need prescription glasses. Solutions to this have been found with the introduction of impact resistant safety glasses, this is good for the directly employed but not for the sub-contractor/self-employed as the contractor only supplies the minimum required P.P.E. and with prescription safety glasses potentially costing in excess of thirty pounds (www.protecdirect.co.uk) The contractor seems again reluctant to supply them. Many suppliers to the construction industry of P.P.E. are plugging the idea of cool or designer safety glasses (www.elvex.com) which although still made from the product this being a poly-carbonate compound and conforming to EU legislation, the necessity for this type of eyewear is not essential only adding to the cost of already expensive P.P.E. for contractors particularly when purchased in the large quantities they have to especially when servicing some of the bigger contracts. The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 (PPEW Regulations), state in regulation 6 that an assessment in which P.P.E. is suitable and does not cause risk to the employee in wearing it which if carried out properly would work, but in reality when the health and safety personal still insist on workers wearing eye protection in wet or extreme conditions it could lead to a compromise in the workers safety. It also states that the equipment needed matches the equipment to be supplied and not only the cheapest option available . Regulation 7 of the(PPEW Regulations), say that every employer shall ensure that any personal protective equipment provided to his employees is maintained (including replaced or cleaned as appropriate) in an efficient state, in efficient working order and in good repair. And that every self-employed person shall ensure that any personal protective equipment provided to him is maintained (including replaced or cleaned as appropriate) in an efficient state, in efficient working order and in good repair (www.opsi.gov.uk). This works in practice when however employees inform their supervisors of the need for more glasses due to scratched lenses it is often frowned upon leading to the employees sometimes continuing to use inferior equipment a simple solution to this might be to provide some sort of inexpensive carry case to use to help alleviate the problem. The wearing of glasses is fairly straight forward with no real training necessary but employees should be made more aware of the different types of product available to them. (www.opsi.gov.uk) With the literature researched in the first part of this module coupled with the statistics gathered I thought that the need for the wearing of safety glasses did seem to be apparent however with the aid of case studies and some short informal interviews the pros and cons along with the possible benefits from the wearing of such items should become more obvious. From a personal stand point I think that a slightly less stringent approach could be taken to still adhere to the EU directives. It has to be emphasised that this is only a personal view and that the legislation quoted at the beginning of this essay would need to be adhered to at all times to fulfil the obligation to both the employer and the employee. From the previous developing a work based project assignment I found that statistics showed injuries to hand/arm are the second most common type of injury in the construction industry. Sites now are also adopting a blanket gloves policy to coincide with the wearing of glasses a s already fore mentioned the need seems to be apparent but for many workers they still feel that they should have a freedom of choice. After completing the research and having gathered and analysed the various forms of data available It was apparent that the most appropriate methods for gathering of data for this particular subject would be case studies along with some short informal interviews. These methods are particularly relevant because I can draw upon real life case studies I have personally had some dealings with, and with the aid of some short informal interviews with the individuals involved the findings will show whether the wearing of said types of P.P.E. would benefit everyone asked to wear it or whether it should be made more specific to certain types of trades as opposed to a total generic site policy. Also with the gathered information, case studies and the interviews it should show the relevance of the two types of equipment being asked to be worn both from the pers pective of the employer and that of the employee. This first case study being observed concerns the wearing of light eye protection and perhaps reiterates most from the employers point of view the relevance and need to rigorously enforce the wearing of such items. A Steel fixer I was working with was fixing steel on a large roof slab of a communications building on a well known local American air force base. This type of work is always heavily reinforced with many intricate design issues arising because of the specifications of the contract due to the security and the strength needed to be achieved not only for the longevity of the building but also the need to withstand potential attack from intruders, terrorists etc. Because of this conventional ways of steel fixing do not always apply in that it is sometimes not always possible to fix the steel in the usual way of placing the bottom mat then placing the support chairs then finish with the fixing of the top mat. That is partly the reason for the occurrence happening in this instance. The procedure for the work to be carried out was in many ways different to the Norm in that in this particular case the top mat of the slab had to be fixed before the bottom mat was slid into position though a design called blast links (a common design on sensitive air base projects). The steel fixer in question needed to access the underside of the top mat reinforcing to place these links prior to the fixing of the bottom mat reinforcing, he did this and by wearing his safety helmet thought the risks of injury would be minimised by. Whilst inside he was carrying out his duties safely as he thought for sometime but he failed to notice a previously fixed cranked bar protruding into the underside of the roof slab and on reaching out to obtain some more links to place he turned sharply with the result being that he turned directly onto the fore mentioned T25 mm piece of previously placed reinforcing. The consequences of the steel fixers actions resulted in a visit to the local hospital to undergo some quite lengthy examinations on his eye and it was discovered that he had pushed the eye ball back into his socket with the resulting injury being the focal muscles in the back of his eye along with the eye socket itself were both extremely badly bruised which resulted with the steel fixer having to wear dark glasses for some time afterwards to help with the sensitivity of the injured eye. Another complication from the injury was that reasonably shortly afterwards the steel fixer in question was on visiting the optician prescribed glasses, and although it was never proved for sure it was said that it was a possibility that it could have been a major contributory factor. On speaking to the said steel fixer I asked him in view of what had happened to him did he think that the wearing of glasses should be mandatory across all trades within Civil Engineering and Construction or did he think it should be for specific trades such as those using wet products like concrete or hazardous substances. The feedback I obtained was that in this instance the wearing of light eye protection would have stopped the injury and alleviated the discomfort he suffered after the accident. He did make the point that at the time of the accident light eye protection was not so readily available and it was the duty of the contractor to only supply protective goggles for cutting and grinding. Also the types of products available were not of the same quality that now seem to be more common place so even if the choice was there to wear protection he probably would not have because they were uncomfortable and because of the confined situation he was in they would have been not appr opriate because they would have kept misting up. Another issue that was raised was the fact that a proper risk assessment should have been carried out and if it was it may have been able to have stopped the incident occurring by placing some form of protection onto the ends of the bars in the first place. End of Rebar protection Although my original research project was to look at the wearing of gloves and light eye protection after talking to the steel fixer in question I decided to look at the possible solution to end of Re-bar protection also. I found many types of products available for the protection of the ends of Re-bar with the most popular form seeming to be the end cap type. This type of design protects the user from scratches but on further investigation I was to find out that to protect workers from impalement a different product is required not always realised by both the workers and the contractor. I was to look at a system called The Carnie Cap System which was specifically designed for the purpose of impalement protection. It can withstand a 250 pound weight dropped from 10 feet without the rebar protruding and is also less expensive than troughs. In fact, only two Carnie Caps are needed per each eight foot section. Making it quick and easy to install. (www.carniecap.com) Wire hazards in steel fixing The case study I have just highlighted has just raise one issue with regards to steel fixers walking into protruding objects but another problem is flying end on the tie wire used to tie the re-bar into position. Dragging lengths of tying wire around while tying rebar is hazardous to steel fixers and those working around them. The steel fixer has one end of wire in his hand and under control, but the other end is free to fly around, being the flying end. The wire end snags easily and the natural reaction is to give it a tug. The result is a razor sharp wire end travelling at high speed towards the steel fixer with the potential to cause serious face or eye injuries and in some cases, complete eye loss. A product I found that could protect against a situation like this is system called reel-fix Rapid Reel which is a lightweight, refillable wire dispensing unit designed to be worn in conjunction with the Reel fix belt and comfort pad. ( www.reelfix.com) In using this product one end of the tie wire is clipped into the reel using a refill spool thus eliminating the flying end scenario making it less likely to obtain the serious type of injury shown above. Working on a major project in East London we were given a comprehensive induction in which we were informed that the wearing of gloves and glasses were mandatory, and that any person caught without these items would be given a yellow card. A second offence would be another yellow card resulting in expulsion from site. After receiving this information most of the workers adhered to this policy not wanting to be dismissed for something as trivial as not wearing gloves or glasses. One particular colleague chose to ignore the instructions given and carry on fixing steel without gloves on Ill put them in my pocket and if anybody turns up then I will put them on was his attitude. He was carrying out a task on an abutment wall when his accident happened. On completion of the abutment wall being fixed it was his job to fix some bars required into the wall to hold the wall at the desired spacing prior to concreting, he was placing the necessary bars into place and was not giving full attention to what he was doing, spending time talking to the other trades as he was carrying out his own duties, which every trades man working is probably guilty of having carried out these sort of tasks many times over. This particular day was to be very unfortunate for the steel fixer in question because as he was sliding the second from last bar into place he took his eye off what he was doing and ran the fleshy part of his thumb on the inside of his hand along a tie that was holding the main wall bars in place. The result of his actions was quite a severe cut to his right hand and this was also the hand he used for his end cutters. Because of the severity of the incident he was taken to the site nurse who cleaned and covered the cut and sent him to hospital where he was to have seven stitches to his hand and because of this being the hand he used for he used for his end cutters it resulted in him having to have two weeks off work until the stitches were removed losing him quite a substantial amount of money as he had been working twelve hour shifts and seven days a week for an extremely busy part of the contract. The man had to return to site briefly to fill an accident report for the incident to also be told he was being given an official warning for not wearing the P.P.E. he was instructed to as stipulated in the site induction. I spoke with the individual about what had happened and asked if he would now reconsider as to whether he would be wearing gloves in the future or not but he just illustrated that it was an occupational hazard of steel fixing and he would still rather not wear them given the choice. When I made him aware of the different types of gloves available and to the fact you can now obtain The Sperian (www.sba.co.uk) cut resistant gloves for use in steel fixing he did agree that there could be a use for these but he would still choose not to wear them given the choice as he still finds them cumbersome and in the warmer weather they make the hands overheat when worn for long periods. As a supervisor I had to have some dealings with the main contractor over the incident that had occurred and they stressed that it was part of my duty to make sure the men were wearing the correct P.P.E. I agreed to this but did stress the views from the men about the quality of the products on offer to which I was told that they would supply the basic minimum P.P.E. and that if the men wanted any other type of equipment then they would have to supply their own as the main contractor was not prepared to carry the cost of this. With the research complete and the information gathered in the form of case studies/interviews it was clear that there did seem to be a strong need for the wearing of the fore mentioned equipment, it did also become clear that as the project develop however that the research needed to be on going not only because new products are becoming more readily available all the time with regards to the chosen topic but of the constant changing regulations on Health and Safety and the policies the main contractors need to put into place to satisfy their insurers that they are doing their upmost for the health and safety of their employees when tendering for contracts. Another conclusion drawn from the project was that until a case study was carried out the findings and recommendations were mainly of my opinion but with the case studies/interviews complete it drew on the experiences of others who had their own ideas having been the victims of the events highlighted. Conclusion Having completed the Work Based Project I was able to draw some interesting conclusions from it. I found that the research I had previously carried out in the developing a research assignment gave me the opportunity to gather some good relevant information to co-inside with the work based project, it was however only the beginnings of the project and I found that through observing the case studies and from gathering information from the short informal interviews I gave it was to broaden the scope of the research. The attitude towards the wearing of gloves and light eye protection also seems to be changing from not only the employers perspective but also from the employees stand. When something new is introduced it always takes time for people to recognise the benefits and to adjust to the new system, people get set in their ways and find it not only hard to adapt but also do not see the reasons or benefits they may gain from this. It has been a general opinion for a long time that th e reason the main contractors want us to wear the fore mentioned P.P.E. is only to fulfil the obligation to their insurers and that if they do not put these measures into place then they will not be able to tender for contracts. Although this is partly true it has to be recognised that these companies are a business and as so they have to move with an ever changing construction environment to succeed. The representatives on site are just that, with the decisions over these matters being made from much higher authorities with the employees sometimes neglecting this fact leading people on site feeling that they are being persecuted and that they are having their freedom of choice taken from them. With the case studies highlighted and the other information I have gathered I think that there is a definite need for the wearing of gloves and light eye protection with the benefits definitely exceeding the risks it will however take time to adjust to the new procedures and an alliance between the main contractors and their workers could be put into place to aid communication in these matters to stop the workers feeling potentially alienated in these matters.

Workplace Problems

A: Britani Franklin, Kellie Johnson, Jennifer Vendura, & Rob Vendura PSY/435 August 7,2013 Carla Kuhiman I/O Psychology and Workplace Problems Many individuals struggle with feeling overworked on the job. Unbalanced workloads lead to several negative aspects that can hurt an organization’s ability to function as a cohesive unit. In this analysis, Team A will relate Kellie’s issue of feeling overworked. Team A will then choose a research method that will best solve the issue, while applying more specific methods to gain the clearest picture possible of the problem at hand.Finally, Team A will relate the ethical considerations that must be iincluded in providing an applicable solution. Work Related Problem: Unbalanced Workload- Kellie Speaks Working in one of the largest school districts in Colorado, one would think the communications department would be at the top of the priority list when it comes to the number of people they would have to keep those gears moving. Being a five-year veteran of the establishment, I have seen people come and go. I am what you call the utility player.I spend my day trying to figure out what everyone else needs to be happy. My technical job title is ‘Community Relations Coordinator. ’ I spend 40 to 50 hours a week supporting the public information officer and the community relations officer- setting their meetings, filling their calendars, and reminding them of what they need to do and where they need to be. I need to make them look good. A great deal of my job consists of answering the phone for them and the Superintendent of Schools.These phone calls usually are upset parent's that want to talk about why little Johnny didn’t get into the special art class they requested or, ‘did you realize there is 3 inches of snow on the ground and why didn’t we cancel school today? ’ I also have two videographers that I have to send out to shoots at locations tthroughout our 900 mile distric t. We have over 84 schools. The Superintendent runs the district like a Fortune 500 company. This can have its positives and negatives. I understand that having over 6,000 employees could compel an individual to run things like this- but ometimes it can also make it very impersonal. I am the only support staff these people have. I do, however, get a 3o minute lunch that I usually take at my desk. This is usually a delicious frozen entree or leftovers of some sort that I bring from home. Even when I skip lunch I still cannot find enough time in the day to finish my tasks, which mearns they get pushed back to the next day. This can be very frustrating as the tasks pile up. By the end of the week, sometimes I have more than I started with and I end up taking work home.For these reasons, my case is relevant to the study of I/O psychology; unbalanced workloads are not limited to my job and solutions to this will be welcomed by individuals in every employment sector. Analyzing the Issue: Research Method(s) If Team A was composed of Industrial/Organizational psychologists, we would begin our analysis of Kellie’s workplace problem with a research question. Research questions can be general or specific, but to ascertain a better understanding of the problem a specific question is of greater benefit (Spector, 2012).To this end, our research question would likely be ‘What is causing employees to feel overburdened by an unbalanced workload? ’ In this way, Team A has defined the objective of the study and identified the specific problem at issue (Spector, 2012). Our next step is to decide what research method is most appropriate in addressing the issue. Although a thoroughly balanced study generally includes qualitative and quantitative research methods- with quantitative methods used to garner empirical support for qualitative findings- Team A will opt to employ only qualitative methods at this point (Mahoney ; Goertz, 2006).We must also take into acco unt that the issue will be perceived differently by employees, supervisors, and ourselves as the psychologists researching the issue (Stagner, 1982). Our research question has a high degree of subjeactivity; what is considered too much work by one employee can be considered entirely manageable by another. For these reasons, Team A will use more than one method of qualitative research with the goal of reaching a realistic and applicable solution. Qualitative methods involve several mearns of studying organizational issues.Among these are observational studies, case studies, interviews (Spector, 2012). Team A will begin by conducting structured oral interviews of employees and supervisors. In this way, we will begin to paint a broad picture of the issue with the goal of identifying different employee perspectives to be reconciled through other research methods in the future (Rojon, McDowell, ; Saunders, 2011). Conducted face to face with staff members, Team A will pose specific questi ons in the interviews.Likely questions include: What is your hourly wage or salary? How many hours per week do you work? What are your specific tasks and duties? Do you have support staff? Does your company have an employee break/lunch ppolicy and if so, is it enforced? Do you have one supervisor, or do you report to several? Do you feel you have adequate technological resources and/or support? How well do you get along with your fellow employees? How many, if any, tasks are left incomplete each day? Why are those tasks left unfinished?Although the above list of questions is hardly exhaustive, Team A will get an idea of the varying perspectives bound to be held by different employees in this manner. Following the collection of interviews, Team A will attempt to interpret the results through content analysis (an evaluation of the details and implications of the aanswers received) and thematic analysis in which recurring themes among responses will be identified (â€Å"Siop. org†, 2013). Because Team A wants to get the clearest picture of the issue possible, observational research methods will also be used.Team A will rely on the participant observation method whereby we will become members of the workplace group by conforming to the collective culture of the cohort. In this way, sharper insight will be gained into the cohort’s methods, group and individual motivation, behavior, and emotions (Mahoney ; Goertz, 2006). This method has inherent problems Team A will try to avoid. For example, observer bias can come into play; events are often interpreted through the lens of an individual’s unique experiences and are not always objective in relation to solving problems.Team A is also aware of the problem of reaactivity- a phenomenon by which an observer inadvertently influences the environment he or she is observing (â€Å"Ucdavis. edu†, n. d. ). Team A hopes that by utilizing structured oral interviews and participant observation enough d ata will be gathered in relation to the problem of an unbalanced workload. The data gathered will then be subjected to more quantitative methods to garner empirical support for our findings (Mahoney ; Goertz, 2006). Tthroughout the process, Team A will remain cognizant of the ethical considerations to be taken into ccount. Ethical Considerations When considering the problem of unbalanced workloads in the workplace, Team A came across some ethical considerations. According to Industrial and Organization Psychology, there are six ethical codes an I/O psychologist must consider when researching an issue (Spector, 2012). These are competence, integrity, professional and scientific responsibility, respect for others and dignity, concern for others’ welfare, and social responsibility. Competence describes the work an I/O psychologist has the ability to perform.Integrity describes that an I/O psychologist is fair and honest when he or she deals with others. Professional and scientif ic responsibility describes an I/O psychologist’s ability to maintain professional behavior. Respect for rights and dignity describes that an I/O psychologist respects the confidentiality of other’s privacy. Concern for others’ welfare describes an I/O psychologist’s attempt in helping others through professionalism. Social responsibility describes that an I/O psychologist uses his or her professionalism to benefit society (Spector, 2012).In studying these principals, Team A decided that the ethical considerations most important in this research case are competence, professional and scientific responsibility, and concern for others’ welfare. Competence in this research case is the most important ethical consideration. To begin, Team A has to make sure that they are all willing and able to carry out this study. In being competent, one shows that he or she is able and ready to carry out tasks necessary to complete and carry out the goal- which is in this case how to remedy an unbalanced workload in Kellie’s workplace.The second consideration, professional and scientific responsibility, is important because in researching this case it may be easy to gain biased opinions of views. It may be hard to remain unbiased and consider how the people being overworked can benefit from figuring out how to give the people being underworked more tasks. Team A could easily gain a biased opinion of those not carrying their weight and slant the research unfairly. In remaining professional, all parties will be heard and spoken for, and professionalism can help to make sure that happens.The last element, concern for others’ welfare, is the best way to describe how Team A can come to a conclusion in this case study. The main goal is to make life easier for those in the workplace. Team A believes that helping those who do not carry their weight mearns to show them the value of hard work and how they can continue this lesson in life to better themselves. That is what this last ethical consideration entails. Team A, as professionals, commits to the ethical consideration of using their professionalism to help and better others.In this case study, the end goal is to help and improve others by taking some pressure off those who have been given heavy loads of work and giving more work to those individuals deemed underutilized. In conclusion, Kellie is hardly alone in feeling overworked on the job. Although Kellie’s story is a common one, solutions need to be found. In this analysis, Team A related in detail the ways in which Kellie feels overburdened at her place of employment. Team A then went on to choose qualitative research methods, including structured oral interviews and participant observation, to further analyze the issue.Finally, Team A highlighted specific ethical considerations- competence, professional and scientific responsibility, and concern for others’ welfare- to take into account while c onducting research on the issue. References Mahoney, J. , ; Goertz, G. (2006). A tale of two cultures: Contrasting quantitative and qualitative research. Political Analysis, 14, 227-249. Rojon, C. , McDowell, A. , ; Saunders, M. N. (2011). On the experience of conducting a systematic review in industrial, work, and organizational psychology: Yes, it is worthwhile.

Internship Orientation And Preparation Process For Emj...

Introduction: Over the past four months I have been working at EMJ Construction to attain my construction internship requirement. During my time with the company, I have gained a lot of knowledge regarding how the office side of a construction company works, as well as a little knowledge about how the field works. I have been able to grow some of my prior skills while attaining some altogether new skills as well. Throughout this report, the orientation and preparation, activities and experiences, application of technology, energy and environmental awareness (sustainable construction, communication skill enhancement, legal and ethical awareness, lessons learned, and the overall assessment and recommendations will be discussed. Each of these†¦show more content†¦After settling in to my desk, I was given a stack of papers to fill out and sign, that went along with the papers that I had signed previously. I was also asked to watch some company videos that would explain the compa nies values, goals, and rules. Also I was taken to lunch with by the Construction Vice President, who was my supervisor I would be reporting to during my duration at the company. Activities and Experiences: There were many tasks performed while at this internship. The first task was learning how to do requests for information (RFIs) with the system that the company uses. When imputing the information into there are many different tabs and steps that you have to go trough. Once you input them into the system you then have to send them out to the appropriate people/company so that they can answer you request for information. Being able to learn the new system was easy since the past 3 years I have and to learn how to do things differently and adapt. The second task I preformed numerous times of the past four months was doing estimates. I did many takeoffs for many different buildings, and divisions while I was here at the company. The takeoffs that I preformed were challenging, but I was able to get them done because of the classes I have taken. Back at Texas AM we have two semester long estimating classes that we are required to take, and in these classes we l earn the basics of estimating. The basic principles that were

The Internet And Its Effect On Society - 917 Words

The internet is a cyberspace of knowledge compacted to fit in to the palm of our hands. It has the power to connect us to people across the ocean, deliver food to our homes and even help us meet the love of our lives. However, this type of power comes with a great responsibility of its own. Nowadays, the internet has become a way to target those who are gullible or those who have limited knowledge of it. The internet now has had an especially big impact when it comes to children and sexual predators and other unlawful acts such as drug and arms trafficking. It is hard to believe that it has only been about twenty years since the internet has become globally accepted. However, this new generation has become entirely dependent on the web. Because of this, it has become a debatable on whether or not this un-limitless source of knowledge should be monitored by the government. But, when it comes to government vs the people, the answer is far from simple, but still clear. The use of the i nternet is the social responsibility of each and every person using it, but to eliminate unlawful acts related to the internet altogether, the combined efforts of parents, communities and law enforcement is essential. As a society, we will discuss how the internet has played a part in addiction, influencing children, criminal activities and responsibility as a whole. Many of us, despite knowing the internet for a few parts of our lives, have decided it is just as important as the air we breathe.Show MoreRelatedThe Internet And Its Effect On Society1553 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This research paper is about the Internet. I choose to write a Qualitative essay because the Internet has a myriad of information to speak on. Moreover, using the Qualitative research method over the Quantitative research gave me a chance to become more knowledgeable in exactly what I was writing on. 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This includes communication by email, instant messaging, and internet phone calls. In addition, there is also the world wide web with discussion forums, social networking sites, and online shopping sites, which people, despite their generational differences, utilizeRead MoreThe Internet And Its Effect On Society3739 Words à ‚  |  15 PagesThe Internet is a debatably the most important invention that mankind has ever accomplished. Having access to everyone at any given time is something of a dream back in the past and now that it is here there is no stopping the effects it has on society. Social media, GPS, email the list goes on and on what the Internet can do, it would be a shorter list to just tell what the Internet cannot do. Having this being said businesses have felt the effects of the ever growing technology of the World WideRead MoreThe Internet And Its Effects On Society Essay1834 Words   |  8 Pagesof this common, every-day scenario, is the internet. Winston Ross, a Senior Writer for Newsweek described the internet as the following, â€Å"It is available, affordable and accessible† (Ross 3). The internet is a positive technological advancement that has contributed immensely to socialization, education and work life. Though the internet is known for being addictive and distracting, the benefits of using it far outweigh any potential risks. The internet is used today across the world as a large socialRead MoreThe Internet And Its Effect On Society1852 Words   |  8 Pagesthousands more will â€Å"like† an Instagram photo†¦and that’s if they read very quickly (Marrouat). Today, many people use the Internet for everything. The internet has many benefits, anyone that has a computer with internet can find any information and can even add to it. That’s why the Internet is known as the collected knowledge of millions of people. The most popular tool of the Internet though, is its way for socialization. Socialization is referring to the way people communicate and how they do it. ThereRead MoreThe Internet And Its Effect On Society1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe introduction of the Internet to society resulted in the opportunity for people to produce, consume and share creative content. This culture of online production and consumption is bound to copyright and fair use laws. While these laws have the capacity to protect an individual’s ownership of intellectual property and creative content, they are not conducive to a vibrant culture of creativity. The Internet and its evolution of search engine engagement has cultivated an online community that can

The Battle Of The Cold War - 1450 Words

The battle in ideologies between communism and capitalism lead to one of the greatest conflicts of the twentieth century. The concept that freedom and democracy would not survive under communist rule triggered a battle that could endure for decades. American media significantly impacted the attitudes of Americans, creating a hatred of communism to spread throughout the nation. The political relations in Europe, during and directly after World War II, played a large part in laying the foundation for the Cold War. Wartime seminars, like Yalta and Tehran, only harshened the relationship involving the communists and the capitalists. By the end of World War II, American policy towards the Soviets had transformed drastically, along with the change of president in 1945, which further caused relations with Russia to worsen. Additional contributions to the Cold War included the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. The section of Europe, between the west and east, drew on physical bor ders outlining that the war of misinformation had formally commenced. The waging of hot wars through other countries also strengthened Cold War hatred. The first of the Cold War tensions arose out of World War II conferences between the Soviet Union, America and Great Britain. Tehran, the first major conference and the one that lead America to start the Cold War, included all three of these nations. At this conference, the reshaping of post-war Europe was discussed, then later in February ofShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The Cold War955 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War II between the United States and the Soviet Union came a time period full of mistrust and deceit. By the end of the Second World War, the United States and the Soviet Union became increasingly suspicious of one another, and their relations resulted in being unstable. This evident yet rising political and military tension between the two world powers has come to be known as the Cold War. Both the Yalta Conference, which saw a rise in disagreements between the two, and the Korean War, the Read MoreThe Battle Of The Cold War1526 Words   |  7 Pagescoattails of the unresolved issues between them, a battle-less conflict began as a result of a strictly civil alliance turning sour with the defeat of a common enemy. In the aftermath of World War II, great powers from the West and the East were thrown into a state of military and political tension. These opposing nations strived to ruin each other through increasingly obvious competition in STEM that could improve the human condition. Not only did the Cold War involve competition in the advancement ofRead MoreThe Battle Of The Cold War2612 Words   |  11 PagesNo event in history has caused more debate among academics than that of the origins of the Cold War. The Cold War was a result of the United States and the Soviets unable to accept the others ideological vision for their country and how it would benefit the world. This war was security based and ideology fixated on proving why each side was right. What came fro m this was a clash of competing historiographical views of an orthodox and revisionist approach. Orthodox views, including that of John GaddisRead MoreThe Battle Of The Cold War1493 Words   |  6 Pages A popular military aphorism stated by Earnest Hemmingway was, â€Å"Once we have a war there is only one thing to do. It must be won. For defeat brings worse things than any that can ever happen in war.† With the ongoing troubles of the Cold War and rising tension along the 38th Parallel that split the once nation of Korea in two, this statement will become imminent. Through basic principles of leadership exhibited by General Douglass MacArthur to take a chance at a dynamic or what some may leanRead MoreThe Battle Of The Cold War742 Words   |  3 PagesDear John, It wasn t my fault, it was too late for him and there was nothing anyone could do to help him. It happened in the early hours of the morning, the sun slowly stretching and awakening from its own peaceful slumber but couldn t get its bright rays past the army of clouds that stood guard over the land. Our broken bodies leaning against the trench wall, our soggy backs slowly sinking into the disgusting, dark and dingy mud. The sound of the raindrops smacking the floor of our trench andRead MoreThe Battle Of The Cold War958 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the Cold War amidst research, it all hit me, this war draws its beginning and end from an extremely similar yet reciprocal process. The means through which the war ended were based strongly around the Power of the United States and the USSR. 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Fresh off of the economic and political victory that was World War II for the United States, The Soviet Union sent a challenge to the U.S that set up one of the biggest, and potentially apocalyptic stand-offs in history. The Cold War, the great stand off between the Americans and the Sov iets lasted from 1947 to about 1991 according to Major Problems in American History Since 1945. This Cold War would change the culture in the United States forever, stamping it’s air of alertnessRead MoreThe Battle Of The Cold War2072 Words   |  9 Pagesending of the Cold War, which significantly ended any nuclear threats that the Soviet Union had shown, and by helping the Soviet Union in throes of their revolution and the freedom promises he influenced, contributed to Reagan’s legacy as an intellectual, persuasive, and important leader to the end of the Cold War. HISTORICAL CONTEXT The dropping of the atomic bomb in Japan from America ended World War II, but it started what would become another war. 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Child Care Nvq Level 3 Unit 8 E3 Free Essays

Many parents adapt to changes in their lives and usually have the support of family and friends to provide assistance. Many families however can face issues that affect the family life and often need support to help them. Factors such as financial Difficulties could become an issue as this would mean that they are unable to afford food or clothing therefore leading towards poverty and poor health which can cause depression. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Care Nvq Level 3 Unit 8 E3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also poor housing would effect the child as they may not even have a garden to move about in and there may not be a play park around making the child become restricted from outside play. Another factor could be unemployment, meaning no job, which may effect the child as there would be no income. If a single parent, this would mean that they would have to work but also meaning that the child would have to be moved somewhere to be taken care of meaning sepaeration would have to happen between the parent and child. Divorce and separation would also mean that the child would possibly have to move home to a smaller building meaning that the conditions would be cramped and the parent may have to recieve lower income Lower income Smaller housing / cramped conditions There are four different types of Sectors that provide care and education for children. They are; Statutory Sector Voluntary Sector Private Sector. Independent A Statutory Sector is a Sector that has to be there by law, so dentist, local schools and hospitals are part of this. Local schools have to be there by law and get some funding by the government. The age range that schools cover is from 5 years to 11 years olds. They follow a set routine where reception covers the EYFS and then year one to year six covers the national curriculum. Schools are open from nine o’clock in the morning to half three in the afternoon, from Monday to Fridays, term times only. This means that schools are closed at Christmas, Easter, summer and half terms. Schools are in easy access areas, where there is enough space for an outside play area for example the playground and indoor space, for example somewhere to do P. E. A local school can be adapted, for example ramps for people with disabilities and for people to find it easy to access the school. A local school should also include snacks; they should be healthy snacks like fruit and vegetables. They should also include toileting times for the children. Statutory Schools are usually free except payment for school dinners, school trips and some snacks. A Voluntary Sector is a sector, which people volunteer to organise and run, so mother, toddler and Pre school groups are apart of this. The aim of a Statutory Sector School is to provide opportunities of education for every child and to support their learning also making a safe and secure environment for children to keep them from harm. Another aim is to provide social opportunities for the child this will include learning to make friends, learning to socialise with people, learning the difference between adults and children and learning to respect others. It may also provide opportunities for the family by meeting new parents so they are making new friends and it may also prove as support for families as they might find people to rely on and also some services though school to help support them. An independent sector are companies with more freedom to organise their provision. Their services may not rely on government funding and does not have to follow the EYFS or the National Curriculum. However the service may be OFSTED inspected to make sure children’s welfare needs are being met. Services of independent provision include independent schools and nurseries. How to cite Child Care Nvq Level 3 Unit 8 E3, Essay examples Child Care Nvq Level 3 Unit 8 E3 Free Essays Many parents adapt to changes in their lives and usually have the support of family and friends to provide assistance. Many families however can face issues that affect the family life and often need support to help them. Factors such as financial Difficulties could become an issue as this would mean that they are unable to afford food or clothing therefore leading towards poverty and poor health which can cause depression. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Care Nvq Level 3 Unit 8 E3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also poor housing would effect the child as they may not even have a garden to move about in and there may not be a play park around making the child become restricted from outside play. Another factor could be unemployment, meaning no job, which may effect the child as there would be no income. If a single parent, this would mean that they would have to work but also meaning that the child would have to be moved somewhere to be taken care of meaning sepaeration would have to happen between the parent and child. Divorce and separation would also mean that the child would possibly have to move home to a smaller building meaning that the conditions would be cramped and the parent may have to recieve lower income Lower income Smaller housing / cramped conditions There are four different types of Sectors that provide care and education for children. They are; Statutory Sector Voluntary Sector Private Sector. Independent A Statutory Sector is a Sector that has to be there by law, so dentist, local schools and hospitals are part of this. Local schools have to be there by law and get some funding by the government. The age range that schools cover is from 5 years to 11 years olds. They follow a set routine where reception covers the EYFS and then year one to year six covers the national curriculum. Schools are open from nine o’clock in the morning to half three in the afternoon, from Monday to Fridays, term times only. This means that schools are closed at Christmas, Easter, summer and half terms. Schools are in easy access areas, where there is enough space for an outside play area for example the playground and indoor space, for example somewhere to do P. E. A local school can be adapted, for example ramps for people with disabilities and for people to find it easy to access the school. A local school should also include snacks; they should be healthy snacks like fruit and vegetables. They should also include toileting times for the children. Statutory Schools are usually free except payment for school dinners, school trips and some snacks. A Voluntary Sector is a sector, which people volunteer to organise and run, so mother, toddler and Pre school groups are apart of this. The aim of a Statutory Sector School is to provide opportunities of education for every child and to support their learning also making a safe and secure environment for children to keep them from harm. Another aim is to provide social opportunities for the child this will include learning to make friends, learning to socialise with people, learning the difference between adults and children and learning to respect others. It may also provide opportunities for the family by meeting new parents so they are making new friends and it may also prove as support for families as they might find people to rely on and also some services though school to help support them. An independent sector are companies with more freedom to organise their provision. Their services may not rely on government funding and does not have to follow the EYFS or the National Curriculum. However the service may be OFSTED inspected to make sure children’s welfare needs are being met. Services of independent provision include independent schools and nurseries. How to cite Child Care Nvq Level 3 Unit 8 E3, Papers

Project Report on Business Level Strategies

Question: Discuss about theProject Report on Business Level Strategies. Answer: Introduction Business Level Strategies are those which are designed by the companies in a manner that renders value to the customers which gives a competitive advantage over its other competitors (DuBrin, 2011). They are important because it gives a clear picture of the goals, vision and mission of the company to the people working in the organisation. The business level strategies are those which deal with the companys position in the industry where the company prevails in relation to their rivals. There are different types of business level strategies which are the cost leadership, differentiation, focused cost leadership, focused differentiation and the integrated cost leadership or differentiation (Harrison John, 2013). The business level strategies are of sixteen types but they are applied by the companies on the basis of their future goals and objectives. The following report will discuss the business level strategies of the three telecommunications company of Malaysia. Further the competi tive profile matrix of the three telecommunication companies and thereafter, finding out the leading company from them along with the justification and finally, the conclusion of the report. Overview of the Three Telecommunication Companies Telekom Malaysia Berhad DBA (TM) is a telecommunications public company headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and was founded in October, 1984. The company began with fixed line services, television and radio broadcast services. Currently, it also offers data, television paid data and other network services (Telekom Malaysia Berhad, 2017). Maxis Berhad is a public telecommunications company based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia founded in 1993 but got listed in 2009. The company provides different types of communication products with full 4G coverage and other value added services (Maxis Bhd, 2017). Digi.com Berhad is also a public telecommunications company which is listed in Bursa Malaysia, founded in 1995 and got listed in 1997. The company deals in mobile, telecommunication and cable television services (Digi, 2017). All these companies are the main players of Malaysia as it is found to be the potential market for the mobile and other telcom services. Business Level Strategies Telekom Malaysia Berhad DBA (TM) The goal of the company is to deliver the best of the connections for all the time and everywhere (Telekom Malaysia Berhad, 2014). The business level strategies that the company follows are the low cost, best value cost leadership, product development and market penetration. These are the strategies that the company follows as it is in the industry in which it has to face very close competition with two of the other companies that are Maxis Berhad and Digi.com. The company uses innovation and connectivity strategy in order to sustain in the highly competitive market. Their motto of reaching out to more people and serving the best network they have strategies innovation and information exchange strategies which have been positioned as Life made easier and Business made easier strategies. These can be easily seen in the picture given below: Table 1 - Strategies of Telekom (Source: Telekom Malaysia Berhad, 2014). As per stated in the annual report of the company it is reflected that he most successful strategy was their UniFi strategy which gave the nation their very first high speed broadband services along with maintaining a stable growth with 14.8% by the end of 2014. It also provides different corporate and residential package schemes customised for the type of customers. It also gave benefit to the customers that they can easily use their mobile handsets for the access of the channels present on the HyppTv. HyppTv was introduced with a motive to cater the needs of young generation as they so that they can watch HyppTv anytime and anywhere. With the help of all these services the company wants to diversify its business and cover all types of target audiences so that their revenue is also not affected by the underperformance of any of the services (Telekom Malaysia Berhad, 2014). Maxis Telecommunications Berhad The companys business level strategy is to penetrate into the market and enjoy the maximum market share in relation to its competitors (Maxis, 2014). As Telekom being an old firm that hay of Maxis they have to attract their customers by offering services to customers only on the basis of the cutting their costs and also by following product differentiation by improving the networks of the company. The company produced smartphone to create a distinct image from that of its competitors. They also gave benefits of discounts to their customers who purchased their smartphone service packages and the smartphone was also with the fourth generation smartphones. This complementary product was introduced with idea of earning more income from such a competitive market. The company follows a price differentiation strategy of charging different prices from the users purchasing the smartphones along with the plans. Loyal customers were also a basis to differentiate between the customers i.e. the c ustomers who were the constant users was given discounts and benefit plans (Maxis, 2014). The smartphone scheme will enable the company to attract more and more customers by differentiating their new strategy of introducing the phones of their own brand name. This will ensure the company to diversify its business, then its revenues and therefore the profits. Digi.Com Berhad The company has focused upon the growth strategy where they have been working upon their digital strength in order to become the most and best digital trusted partners of their customers (Digi, 2015). As in order to sustain in the oligopolistic market the company has to constantly keep an eye on the strategies of their competitors. Their idea of going digital will create value for their customers. The company has focused on the cost leadership (best value) strategy by way of offering valuable packages to their customers through introducing changes like digitalising their services which can be availed by the customers on one click. Out of the three, Digi.com was the late entrant but still it has managed to conquer a good position among the other previous players. Therefore; the companies working in the oligopolistic market where in order to sustain they are required to have a customer-centric approach along with innovation because if they simply just do nothing can make them a past thing to talk upon in the industry. All the companies follows some or the other business level strategy so that they can make a relative image as that of their competitors. The three telecommunication firms are constantly making innovation and changes so that they can survive in the industry of very few players. Competitive Profile Matrix Competitive Profile Matrix commonly known as CPM matrix is a strategic analysis tool which enables all the stakeholders of the company along with any other interested parties to have a look on the strengths and weaknesses of their competitors in a single page (Borajee Yakchali, 2011). It consists of four factor s of the competitor companies. The very first column shows the critical success factors such as advertising, loyalty, quality, price competitiveness, market share etc. which are further given weight, ratings and weighted score. Basically, it is a comparison between the different competitors position. The ratings are to be given from 1.00 to 4.00 to each of the key factors so that it becomes easy to find out that which company has made it to the highest ratings and the leading company of the industry. The below CPM matrix will show the performance of the three companies on the basis of their score and ratings given ti them against the respective key factors (Etzel, 2007). Competitive Profile Matrix TeleKom Maxis Digi.com Key Factor Weight Rating Score Weight Rating Score Weight Rating Score Advertising 0.10 3.00 0.20 0.10 2.00 0.15 0.10 2.00 0.15 Product Quality 0.20 4.00 0.70 0.20 1.00 0.40 0.20 3.00 0.50 Price competitiveness 0.30 4.00 0.40 0.30 2.00 0.40 0.30 4.00 0.30 Financial position 0.20 4.00 0.30 0.20 3.00 0.15 0.20 3.00 0.30 Market share 0.20 4.00 0.50 0.20 2.00 0.30 0.20 3.00 0.40 Total 1.00 2.1 1.00 1.45 1.00 1.65 On the basis of the following table it can be observed that Telekom Malaysia Berhad Company is the leading telecommunications in the markets of Malaysia. It is because as the table shows that the critical key factors of the Telekom are the highest scoring and rated therefore; it enjoys a better position than that of its other two rivals that are the Maxis Berhad and the Digi.com. In relation to this another big reason for its success as compared to its rivals is that it is the oldest firm of Malaysia therefore; it might be enjoying various benefits of cost leadership and economies of scale. Also, it is witnessing a distinct image as they have been in this industry since the longest time. The key factors taken to identify the competitive profile matrix in the current report are advertising, product quality, price competitiveness, financial position and the market share of the firms. All these will help in drawing out a conclusion in regards to the leading firm of the telecommunication industry (Sohel, Rahman Uddin, 2014). Conclusion On the basis of the above report it can be concluded that each and every company from any industry plans and follows some or the other business level strategies as their motive is to deliver value to customers and gain a competitive advantage to that of its competitors. Also, another conclusion drawn out was that the companies which are the industry with cut-throat competition have to be very keen with their strategies to survive in the market. Telecommunication being very highly competitive market where the companies enter into intense price wars therefore; they are required to always bring out something innovative to ultimately satisfy the customer needs. References Borajee, M., Yakchali, S. H. (2011). Using the AHP-ELECTRE III integrated method in a competitive profile matrix. In International Conference on Financial Management and Economics (pp. 68-72). Digi. (2015). Annual report for the year 2015. Viewed 23 February 2017 from https://digi.listedcompany.com/misc/ar/ar2015.pdf. Digi. (2017). Corporate Overview. Viewed 23 February 2017 from https://www.digi.com.my/aboutus/corporate_overview/information.do. DuBrin, A, J. (2011). (ed, 9th). Essentials of Management. Cengage Learning. Mason, USA. Etzel. (2007). Marketing With Cd, 14E (Sie). Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Harrison, J, S John, C, H, S. (2013). (ed, 6th). Foundations in Strategic Management. Cengage Learning. Mason, USA. Maxis Bhd. (2017). Corporate profile. Viewed 23 February 2017 from https://maxis.listedcompany.com/profile.html. Maxis. (2014). Annual report for the year 2014. Viewed 23 February 2017 from https://maxis.my/ar2014/images/download/pdf/maxis_ar2014.pdf. Sohel, S. M., Rahman, A. M. A., Uddin, M. A. (2014). Competitive Profile Matrix (Cpm) As A Competitorsanalysis Tool: A Theoretical Perspective. From The Editors Desk. Telekom Malaysia Berhad. (2014). Game Changer, Annual report for the year 2014. Viewed 23 February 2017 from https://www.financialreport.biz/File/AR/2015/4/6/4863%20-%202305560995524.pdf. Telekom Malaysia Berhad. (2017). About TM. Viewed 23 February 2017 from https://www.tm.com.my/AboutTM/OurHeadquarters/Pages/Home.aspx.